Israel and the Palestinian Authority have opened a new front in their decades-long conflict by getting locked in a trade dispute - and farmers on both sides of the border are paying the price.
Palestinian Mowafak Hashim, who farms fruit and vegetables in sun-baked Jericho in the West Bank, says he supports moves by the Palestinian Authority to end imports of Israeli agricultural products.
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Palestinian farmers pick eggplants in the West Bank village of Al-Jiftlik, Feb. 5, 2020
(Photo: Reuters)
But Hashim also fears the breakdown in a usually smooth-running cross-border trade relationship will ruin his business.
"I won't find alternative markets... since the occupation controls the checkpoints," says the 51-year-old, referring to Israel's control over the West Bank's border crossings.
The PA announced a boycott of Israeli calves in October. Last weekend Defense Minister Naftali Bennett said he would halt all PA agricultural imports, which in turn prompted the PA to say it would end imports of Israeli agricultural products, fruit juice and bottled water.
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Israeli farmers protest the Palestinian embargo outside the home of Defense Minister Naftali Bennett in Ra'anana
(Photo: Roi Rubenstein)
Those tit-for-tat moves have frayed trade links that have generally held strong since the two sides signed interim peace accords in the 1990s, even weathering the collapse in 2014 of peace negotiations.
The actions of the PA, whose power base is in the West Bank, in part reflect greater efforts to end what its leaders - including new Palestinian Prime Minister Mohammed Shtayyeh - see as an over-dependence on Israeli markets.
A second Palestinian farmer, 54-year-old Hisham Qutaishat, concurs with that approach.
"The PA should start a comprehensive national and strategic plan to connect the needs of the Palestinian market to what Palestinian farmers produce," he said.
"That way, we will not fall victims to any [Israeli] decision like this in the future."
But in the meantime, with the announcement of U.S. President Donald Trump's Middle East peace plan further fuelling bilateral tensions, producers on both sides are suffering.
The West Bank currently sends over two-thirds of its farming exports to Israel, whose Agriculture Ministry says the calves boycott has affected around 400 Israeli cattle breeders, costing them a total of $70 million since October.
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Israeli farmer Guy Golan tends to a cow at his farm in Be'er Tuvia, Feb. 5, 2020
(Photo: Reuters)
In Moshav Be'er Tuvia, cattle farmer Guy Golan said he sells around 400 calves annually to the Palestinian market, earning him NIS 2.5 million shekels ($725,000).
"This boycott hurts our business very, very much ... The cows go on and give birth, and the young calves, they're not able to go anywhere," Golan says.
"We can't buy and we can't sell, everything is stuck."